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Teardown Video

6 minute video @ 3x playback speed showing full disassembly of the radio with commentary, full length video with no audio here.

Teardown PCB Pictures

Modules and Interconnects


Mechanical Pictures


Reverse Engineering Efforts

 
Kenwood TH-D74 connected to JTAGulator

High level goals

  • Obtain a copy of the firmware for analysis/modification
  • Understand how the radio works and what test ports are available internally

Obtaining firmware

  • Determine routes of attack
    • JTAG Port
    • Serial Port
    • Hardware attack - Remove Flash Memory and read directly (possibly encrypted)

Initially the radio was opened and wires were soldered to some test points and an interesting PCB footprint that I suspected was JTAG as seen in the video below.

The serial port turned out to just be control data sent from the CPU board to the transceiver board, explained further below. Removing the flash memory is an option although it is a BGA package so not sure about soldering wires to it so it can be read out. Furthermore, the OMAP-L138 processor seems to have a few protection mechanisms. Encryption of the firmware is one of them so that route might be useless.

If a donor radio is stripped down to bare PCB then perhaps the boot-up config register values can be tweaked or other hard coded settings (usually using resistors) to alter the boot procedure and allow further debugging.

Understand how the radio works

There is a serial port labeled SCTX and SCRX (See Processor Board Bottom picture above), both of these lines appear to be transmit only from the top CPU board down to the bottom transceiver board. As the radio is tuned from one frequency to another the SCRX line has a lot of activity, when the transmitter is keyed up the SCTX line has activity. Below is a sample of what is seen on the SCRX line. Travis Goodspeed commented to me on Twitter that these commands seemed similar to the Rig Control commands sent from PC's to radio's to control them.

SCRX
J0000
K0000
G0283
`0
G1283
B06EE14
B0A03CE
B0C0028
B11E960
B180000
B140000
B1C2812
B200018
B280A68
G;7:3
K1900
a7:6
B1C2C12
B140000
B1C2812
B200018
B280A68
F41
J01
G;7:3
`0

Datasheets