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→Chapter 5 Energy Generation / Powerplants
<blockquote>'''''Editor’s Note:'''''
Without being able to describe all aspects of the above-mentioned standards and their implications in whole, I will follow a route on how it works and what is happening from the point of view of a regular consumer of energy services. Pleas keep in mind that the roll-out for this digital infrastructure is still in full swing at the point time of this writing (20252024). Whenever use cases are used as examples, they refer to electric energy. This should not divert attention from the fact, these communication standards and protocols do apply to all metered products (Sparten) in energy industries (Water, Heat, Gas, Contracting Services…) as well. Also, I do use the words “electricity” and “electric energy” synonymously and electricity or energy cannot be “consumed” – I know that. Finally: I am only beginning to investigate this. I have some professional experience, but it is limited. If I am wrong and/or describing situations inadequately, please share your insight either in this Wiki, Recessim Discord or DM (Discord)</blockquote>
=Chapter 1 Home=
So you live in an apartment or house and use electricity. Big deal! And it really is. Let us see why. All the electric energy delivered for your convenience goes through at least one measuring device – the meter. That will be in our digitized world an electronic device called in Germany for unknown reasons a '''smart-meter''' or moderne Messeinrichtung ('''mME'''). This thing in its initial configuration is not “smart” at all, given the idea "smart" means also: able to communicate. It’s not. It is an electronic counter with no ability to communicate. Here's a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEnofAOLAdY&t=2s video] on this variant. The meter resides logically in a '''market-locatio'''n or '''MaLo''' (address of the building or apartment), which is associated with your invoicing details (customer name & address). The meter itself or multiple meters represent the '''measuring-location''' or '''MeLo'''. Ant this is bound to a '''meter-ID''' which is then associated with the physical meter, which again has a '''serial number'''.
[[List of EU Smart Meters]]
[[File:LMN Stack.png|thumb]]
One or more smart-meters with communication interfaces connect with a single smart meter gateway and form the '''Local Metrological Network''' or '''LMN'''.
[[File:LNMHANWAN.png|thumb|LNM HAN WAN Overview]]
While until 1st of April 2024 most communications between energy market participants (roles) were relying on automatically processed [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDIFACT EDIFACT] messages in email, this is changed to a [https://www.edi-energy.de/index.php?id=38&tx_bdew_bdew%5Buid%5D=1608&tx_bdew_bdew%5Baction%5D=download&tx_bdew_bdew%5Bcontroller%5D=Dokument&cHash=5fbee16dcbd284d5f9899875d50353de machine-to-machine communication via webservices], using [[wikipedia:AS4|AS4]] encrypted payloads. The [https://www.edi-energy.de/index.php?id=38&tx_bdew_bdew%5Buid%5D=1606&tx_bdew_bdew%5Baction%5D=download&tx_bdew_bdew%5Bcontroller%5D=Dokument&cHash=6b7d02fa38030119e628544f92fcdc07 requirements] for the XML encryption / signing public key infrastructure (PKI) leans on Diffie-Hellman key exchange procedures. The keys algorithms themselves however can be based on [https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Publikationen/TechnischeRichtlinien/TR02102/BSI-TR-02102.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=9 anything] commonly accepted like: RSA, Diffie-Hellman, DLIES or Elliptic-Curve.
===== Smartmeter PKI functions =====The smart meter gateway contains a [https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Publikationen/TechnischeRichtlinien/TR03109/TR-03109-2-Anforderungen_an_die_Funktionalitaet.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3 security module], which is used to controll the meters PKI function using the proprietary BSI PACE-Protokoll(Password Authenticated Connection Establishment).
=====Backend Keygen and Distribution=====
=Chapter 4 Energy Suppliers / Retailers=
[[File:TAF.png|thumb|Tarif-Anwendungsfälle (TAF)]]
The market role "Lieferant" (retailer or supplier) is the consumers contracting party for energy delivery. This party is not necessarily the same organization or company acting in the role of grid or smart meter operator. Nevertheless it has vital interest to influence the behaviour of energy deliver to the customer via the smart meter. For this purpose the retailer is using the role of "external market participant" in the WAN connected to the smart meter gateway. The messages from the retailer can be authenticated by the smart meter gateway using the PKI and do include meter readouts (UTILMD MSCONS 13017), status information and changes in tarriffs.
=====Tarif Anwendungsfälle (TAF)=====
=Chapter 5 Energy Generation / Powerplants=
Actual powerplants do not have a direct technical relation to smartmeters in Germany. They function as an indication on who and how much is to charge for their operation of course. Power plants are connected to Redispatch 2.0 and are under the control of the grid controllers of course. They schedule their activities by load prrofiles, derived from historic data. This is then overlyd with "day-ahed" planning and immediate reaction to redispatch measures. They function by their ablity to react on sudden demmand changes. This leads to a hirarchy of systems and fuels:
* gas operated (can be quickly activated an shut down, recation time <30 Mins)
* coal and biogas operated (can be scheduled to react in about 4-5 hrs)
* nuclear operated (can be scheduled to react in about 4-5 hrs, not existing in Germany anymore (2024))
* wind and solar power (basically uncontrolled, can be disconnected in thess than a second)
Redispatch will force all of them to disconnect from the grid within very short timespans. Addin them for stabilizing reasons has to schedulaed according to their natural time to react. As electricity from solar and wind energy generators are given priority but in the same moment do expose the grid to an extensive volatilities, other means for stabilizing the grid need to be either based on gas operated sources or planned ahead. All of this includes extensive weather monitoring and forcasting to maintain grid (frequency) stability while still allowing wind and solar generated eletriciy to be used with their inevitable volatile nature.
=Chapter 6 Energy Import /Export in the EU and Worldwide=