:::; <pre style="font-weight: normal;">Signing an OTA update package involves applying a digital signature using cryptographic methods. This process serves several critical purposes. 1. Authenticity. 2. Integrity.</pre>
====Off the shelf extraction hardware (cheap stuff)Programmers & Nand Flash Controllers =========Programmers==========SOP16 / 8 / VSOP8 / WSON8 / PDIP8 / SO8 / TSSOP8 / UFDFPN8=====:: ➤ CH341A programmer:::;- [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2017/08/ch341a-mini-programmer-schematic.html CH341A Mini Programmer Schematic and Drivers blogpost.]:: ➤ Ezp2023+ programmer with appropriate SOP16 SOP8 adapter :::;- '''Important note:''' limited NOR Flash and NAND Flash support! Might need 1.8v adapter, buggy software. [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2023/12/how-to-use-ezp2023-usb-programmer.html Read more here.] =====Nand Flash Controllers=====Listing of nand flash/nand controller interface chips and programming & off the shelf hardware(cheap stuff).<br>
Since the search engine is broken @ the usual suspects. I use a search query like example '''“TSOP48 usb pcb controller flash disk site:aliexpress.com”''' in image search mode.
=====BGA-153 Nand Flash=====
:: ➤ Chipsbank CBM2099E [https://flash-extractor.com/library/CBM/CBM2099/ click here for details (Flash-extractor library)]
=====SOP16 / 8 / VSOP8 / WSON8 / PDIP8 / SO8 / TSSOP8 / UFDFPN8=====:: ➤ CH341A programmer:::;- [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2017/08/ch341a-mini-programmer-schematic.html CH341A Mini Programmer Schematic and Drivers blogpost.]:: ➤ Ezp2023+ programmer with appropriate SOP16 SOP8 adapter :::;- '''Important note:''' limited NOR Flash and NAND Flash support! Might need 1.8v adapter, buggy software. [https://www.onetransistor.eu/2023/12/how-to-use-ezp2023-usb-programmer.html Read more here.] =====Nand Controller firmwares & datasheets=====
USBDev.ru is a great resource.